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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Sarat Chandra Das</span></h1>

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<p><b>Sarat Chandra Das</b> (<span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal"><a href="Bengalische_Sprache" title="Bengalische Sprache">bengalisch</a></span> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r184662637">

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</style><span lang="bn-Beng" class="Beng" style="font-style:normal">শরৎচন্দ্র দাশ</span> <span class="IAST Latn"><a href="International_Alphabet_of_Sanskrit_Transliteration" title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration">Śaratcandra Dāś</a></span>; geb. <a href="1849" title="1849">1849</a> in <a href="Chittagong" title="Chittagong">Chittagong</a>; gest. <a href="1917" title="1917">1917</a>) war ein indischer Gelehrter der tibetischen Sprache und Kultur, Spion und Abenteurer, Sprachwissenschaftler und buddhistischer Gelehrter, der durch seine beiden Reisen nach Tibet bekannt wurde und in <a href="Darjeeling_(Stadt)" title="Darjeeling (Stadt)">Darjeeling</a> wirkte. Das war Mitglied des <i>Bengal Educational Service</i> und der <i><a href="The_Asiatic_Society#Geschichte" title="The Asiatic Society">Asiatic Society of Bengal</a></i>.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Leben">Leben</h2></div>

<p>Sarat Chandra Das wurde 1849 in Chittagong in <a href="Ostbengalen" class="mw-redirect" title="Ostbengalen">Ostbengalen</a> geboren, das heute Teil von Bangladesch ist. Er studierte <a href="Bauingenieurwesen" title="Bauingenieurwesen">Bauingenieurwesen</a> am Presidency College in <a href="Kalkutta" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalkutta">Kalkutta</a>. Im Jahr 1874 wurde er zum Direktor der Bhutia Boarding School de Darjeeling in Darjeeling ernannt. In Darjeeling begann er unter der Anleitung des örtlichen Lamas Orgyen Gyatsho<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Anmerkung 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<i>o rgyan rgya mtsho</i>) <a href="Tibetische_Sprache" title="Tibetische Sprache">Tibetisch</a> zu lernen. Mit diesem besuchte er unter anderem das tibetische Kloster <a href="Trashilh%C3%BCnpo" title="Trashilhünpo">Trashilhünpo</a> und andere Orte.

</p><p>Sarat Chandra Das arbeitete von 1881 bis 1904 für die Regierung von Bengalen als Übersetzer aus dem Tibetischen. Im Jahr 1892 gründete er die Buddhist Text Society.

</p><p>Eine Zeit lang arbeitete er als britischer Spion und reiste nach Tibet, um im Rahmen des sogenannten <a href="Great_Game" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Game">Great Game</a> Informationen über die Russen, Chinesen und Tibeter zu sammeln.

</p><p>Als Spion ging er zweimal nach <a href="Lhasa" title="Lhasa">Lhasa</a>: 1879 für sechs Monate und 1881 für vierzehn Monate. Die Berichte, die er während dieser Expeditionen schrieb, wurden 1902 unter dem Titel <i>Journey to Lhasa</i> veröffentlicht.

</p><p>Als die Gründe für seinen Tibet-Besuch aufgedeckt wurden, erlitten einem Bericht von <a href="Laurence_Austine_Waddell" title="Laurence Austine Waddell">Laurence Austine Waddell</a> zufolge viele der Tibeter, die sich mit ihm angefreundet hatten, schwere Repressalien.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Neben diesen Reiseberichten schrieb Das spirituelle und wissenschaftliche Traktate und stellte ein Wörterbuch der tibetischen Sprache zusammen (<i>Tibetan-English Dictionary: With Sanskrit Synonyms</i>, 1902, <a href="Calcutta_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcutta University">Calcutta University</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sein Haus, die <i>Lhasa Villa</i>, steht heute noch in Darjeeling.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Der Historiker Paul K. Johnson erklärte, dass Das mit <a href="Henry_Steel_Olcott" title="Henry Steel Olcott">Henry Steel Olcott</a>, dem Mitbegründer und ersten Präsidenten der <a href="Theosophische_Gesellschaft" title="Theosophische Gesellschaft">Theosophischen Gesellschaft</a>, zusammentraf.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publikationen">Publikationen</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/journalofasiatic5111asia/page/n3/mode/2up"><i>Contributions on the Religion, History &c., of Tibet</i>.</a> In Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Volume LI (51), Part I for 1882. Publisher: Asiatic Society, Calcutta (1882). Also, PDF file here <a class="external autonumber" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Journal_of_the_Asiatic_Society_of_Bengal_(IA_journalofasiatic5111asia).pdf&page=3">[1]</a></li>

<li><i>Narrative of a journey to Lhasa in 1881–82</i>. Publisher: s.n. (1885).</li>

<li><i>Narrative of a journey round Lake Yamdo (Palti), and in Lhokha, Yarlung, and Sakya, in 1882</i>. publisher: s.n (1887).</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2rcoAAAAYAAJ"><i>Avadānakalpalatā: a collection of legendary stories about the Bodhisattvas</i>.</a> Asiatic Society (1890).</li>

<li><i>The doctrine of transmigration</i>. Buddhist Text Society (1893).</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_HZxDAAAAYAAJ"><i>Indian Pandits in the Land of Snow</i>.</a> Originally published at the end of the 19th century. Reprint: Rupa (2006). ISBN 978-81-291-0895-1.</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.de/books?id=n1mkCh85914C&pg=PA35&lpg=PA35&dq=&hl=de#v=onepage&q&f=false">Sarat Chandra Das, Graham Sandberg & Augustus William Heyde <i>A Tibetan-English dictionary, with Sanskrit synonyms</i>.</a> 1st Edition - Calcutta, 1902 (vielfach nachgedruckt, z. B. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YNm2kWddMNQC">1997</a>)</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/journeytolhasaa00dasgoog"><i>Journey To Lhasa & Central Tibet</i>.</a> 1st Edition: John Murray (England) (1902). Reprint: Kessinger Publishing, LLC (2007). ISBN 978-0-548-22652-0. Republished as: <i>Lhasa and Central Tibet</i>, Cosmo (Publications, India); New edition (2003). ISBN 978-81-7020-435-0.</li>

<li>Das, Sarat Chandra: <i>Journey to Lhasa and Central Tibet.</i> Edited by The Hon. <a href="William_Woodville_Rockhill" title="William Woodville Rockhill">William Woodville Rockhill</a>. Bibliotheca Himalayica. Manjushri Publishing House, New Delhi 1970</li>

<li><i>An introduction to the grammar of the Tibetan language;: With the texts of Situ sum-tag, Dag-je sal-wai melong, and Situi shal lung</i>. Darjeeling Branch Press, 1915. Reprint: Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi, 1972 and 1983.</li>

<li><i>Autobiography: Narratives of the incidents of my early life</i>. Reprint: Indian studies: past & present (1969).</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Siehe_auch">Siehe auch</h2></div>

<ul><li><a href="Thubten_Gyatsho#Übernahme_und_Festigung_der_Macht" title="Thubten Gyatsho">Thubten Gyatsho</a></li>

<li><a href="Liste_von_Tibetologen" title="Liste von Tibetologen">Liste von Tibetologen</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatur">Literatur</h2></div>

<ul><li>Richard M. Jaffe: <i>Seeking Sakyamuni: South Asia in the Formation of Modern Japanese Buddhism.</i> 2019 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.de/books/edition/Seeking_Sakyamuni/A--UDwAAQBAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=Henry+Steel+Olcott,+Johnson+%22Chandra+Das%22&pg=PA79&printsec=frontcover">Online-Teilansicht</a>)</li>

<li>Paul K. Johnson: <i>The Masters Revealed: <a href="Madame_Blavatsky" class="mw-redirect" title="Madame Blavatsky">Madame Blavatsky</a> and the Myth of the Great White Lodge.</i> State University of New York Press, Albany, 1994</li>

<li>Sarat Chandra Das: <i>Journey to Lhasa: The Diary of a Spy</i>, Speaking Tiger Books 2017</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2></div>

<div class="sisterproject" style="margin:0.1em 0 0 0;"><div class="noresize noviewer" style="display:inline-block; line-height:10px; min-width:1.6em; text-align:center;" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons"></span></span></div><b><span class=""><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sarat_Chandra_Das?uselang=de"><span lang="en">Commons</span>: Sarat Chandra Das</a></span></b> – Sammlung von Bildern, Videos und Audiodateien</div>

<div class="sisterproject" style="margin:0.1em 0 0 0;"><div class="noviewer" style="display:inline-block; line-height:10px; min-width:1.6em; text-align:center;" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Wikisource"></span></span></div><b><a href="https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/en:Author:Sarat_Chandra_Das" class="extiw external" title="s:en:Author:Sarat Chandra Das">Wikisource: Sarat Chandra Das</a></b> – Quellen und Volltexte (englisch)</div>

<ul><li>Artikel <a href="https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/en:Page:Dictionary_of_Indian_Biography.djvu/127" class="extiw external" title="s:en:Page:Dictionary of Indian Biography.djvu/127">Das, Sarat Chandra, Rai Bahadu</a> in: C. E. Buckland: <i>Dictionary of Indian Biography</i>, London 1906</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scroll.in/article/855541/meet-sarat-chandra-das-the-spy-who-came-in-from-the-cold-of-tibet-and-wrote-a-book-about-it">Meet Sarat Chandra Das: The spy who came in from the cold of Tibet and wrote a book about it: How did a middle-class Bengali become a British agent in the forbidden kingdom?</a> (Parimal Bhattacharya)</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/20/magazine/the-indian-spy-who-fell-for-tibet.html">"The Indian Spy Who Fell for Tibet"</a> (Subramanian, Samanth - The New York Times)</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search?query=creator%3A%22Sarat+Chandra+Das%22">Digitalisate bei archive.org</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anmerkungen">Anmerkungen</h2></div>

<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">französisch Ugyen Gyatso</span>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise_und_Fußnoten"><span id="Einzelnachweise_und_Fu.C3.9Fnoten"></span>Einzelnachweise und Fußnoten</h2></div>

<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/68898/pg68898-images.html">Digitalisat</a></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Laurence Austine Waddell, <i>Lhasa and Its Mysteries: With a Record of the Expedition of 1903–1904</i>, Cosimo, Inc., 2007, S. 79: "The ruin thus brought about by the Babu's visit extended also to the unfortunate Lama's relatives, the governor of Gyantsé (the Phal Dahpön) and his wife (Lha-cham), whom he had persuaded to befriend Sarat C. Das. These two were cast into prison for life, and their estates confiscated, and several of their servants were barbarously mutilated, their hands and feet were cut off and their eyes gouged out, and they were then left to die a lingering death in agony, so bitterly cruel was the resentment of the Lamas against all who assisted the Babu in this attempt to spy into their sacred city."</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">vgl. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://treasuryoflives.org/biographies/view/Lobzang-Mingyur-Dorje/13687">Lobzang Mingyur Dorje</a></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://speakingtigerbooks.com/authors-name/sarat-chandra-das/">Sarat Chandra Das</a></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Paul K. Johnson (1994) (zit. nach Jaffe, S. 79)</span>

</li>

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Normdaten (Person): <a href="Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/116030372">116030372</a></span> | <a href="Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50046908">n50046908</a></span> | <a href="Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/46802018/">46802018</a></span> | </div>

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